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[气候监测] 关注2009年厄尔尼诺:圣婴重生的风季

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发表于 2009-6-1 01:29 | 显示全部楼层
19-May-2009    1007.80   1009.40    -23.96     -5.98      1.67
  20-May-2009    1009.20   1009.60    -14.77     -6.59      1.34
  21-May-2009    1011.43   1010.60     -5.34     -6.98      1.28
  22-May-2009    1011.56   1011.45    -10.86     -7.44      1.13
23-May-2009    1010.23   1010.60    -14.54     -8.38      0.85
  24-May-2009    1010.18   1010.15    -11.47     -9.16      0.57
  25-May-2009    1011.14   1010.75     -8.71     -9.50      0.25
  26-May-2009    1012.15   1010.90     -2.13     -9.47     -0.01
  27-May-2009    1012.61   1011.05      0.25     -9.16     -0.14
  28-May-2009    1013.92   1010.55     14.11     -7.85     -0.05
  29-May-2009    1014.93   1011.30     16.10     -6.65      0.14
  30-May-2009    1015.55   1011.75     17.41     -5.74      0.45
  31-May-2009    1016.33   1012.45     18.02     -5.07      0.82

SOI最近1星期穩步回升重回正值..
原因是孟加拉灣對流劇烈,遙相關拉動了沃克上升支東移..近來遠洋也吹出一些東風波..
另外,南太平洋阻塞後退..原先的切斷低壓轉為副高帶來東南信風,大溪地氣壓上揚..
未來2週孟加拉灣對流依然活躍..MJO活動偏弱(強厄前期特徵是MJO活動偏強東移..引爆WWB),中太表層海溫增暖受阻..
現時大氣情況有點像厄拉共舞..對流集中在孟加拉灣/南海,東北太平洋及轉日線附近..
現時還是相信會出現一次中等偏弱的厄爾尼諾事件..情況如2006年中至2007年初..
(p.s.持續多時的東北太平洋冷水在過去一個月有明顯減弱跡象..未知有何影響?)
http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/current/crblrg_sstanom_2m.html
更多图片 小图 大图
组图打开中,请稍候......

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发表于 2009-6-3 22:54 | 显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 lj623 于 2009-6-3 22:56 编辑

近期,几乎全赤道太平洋次表层0-150米均为较强的暖水,最近两天,SOI指数已经回落到0附近,根据NOAA的4月报告,今年春季南半球的水温颇高,因此,还是有利于在下半年发展一次厄尔尼诺现象,强度可能颇强,虽然目前全球气候并无大异常,不过有可能在秋季开始一次比较明显的影响相当的严重的异常。
更多图片 小图 大图
组图打开中,请稍候......
发表于 2009-6-4 00:04 | 显示全部楼层
In Brief

    * The equatorial sea surface temperature has increased with weak warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies evident across most of the tropical Pacific.
    * The equatorial sub-surface of the ocean has also warmed, with warmer than normal sub-surface water extending across most of the tropical Pacific.
    * The latest 30-day SOI value is −7, while the monthly value for May was −5.
    * Trade winds were weaker than normal over much of the tropical Pacific through May.
    * Cloudiness near the date-line has increased slightly and is currently near normal.
    * All international climate modes predict further warming of the Pacific Ocean SST, with the majority of the models forecasting the development of El Niño conditions later in 2009.

All international dynamic computer models surveyed by the Bureau of Meteorology predict further warming of the Pacific Ocean sea surface. Five of six models that have been initialised recently predict warming that is strong enough to see El Niño conditions established by the southern spring, and by mid-winter in four models. As models have been initialised from a period that is close to the end of the ¨predictability barrier" in ENSO conditions, combined with the general agreement between models of a warming of the tropical sea surface, the probability of the development of an El Niño event in 2009 is now much higher than one month ago and it is significantly higher than the climatological probability of about 20-25%. Recent forecasts from the POAMA model, run daily at the Bureau of Meteorology, show a steady warming with El Niño conditions developing by mid-winter. Pacific conditions and model predictions will continue to be monitored closely for any further indications of an event.


下半年发展出厄尔尼诺事件基本上是各个模式的共识了。
 楼主| 发表于 2009-6-4 12:31 | 显示全部楼层
下半年发展出厄尔尼诺事件基本上是各个模式的共识了。
cwnraul 发表于 2009-6-4 00:04

再发个月对比,一目了然
更多图片 小图 大图
组图打开中,请稍候......
发表于 2009-6-4 15:21 | 显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 phoonfan 于 2009-6-4 15:22 编辑

澳洲气象局:太平洋指标显示厄尔尼诺天气形成
  
日期:2009-06-03 10:20
         
  据澳大利亚国家气象中心周三表示,如果太平洋盆地主要气象指标保持下去,那么厄尔尼诺天气将在冬季中期形成。

  目前来看,今年冬季出现厄尔尼诺天气的几率已经超过了50%,远远高于正常年份出现的几率。

  厄尔尼诺天气通常会导致下半年澳大利亚东部和北部地区降雨量低于平均水平,气温高于正常水平,从而影响到包括小麦在内的冬季农作物生长。
发表于 2009-6-5 21:54 | 显示全部楼层
SOI指数经5月底短暂反弹后继续下降,目前又进入负值,30日移动平均在0以下维持下级趋势
发表于 2009-6-6 15:50 | 显示全部楼层
ENSO-neutral conditions persisted across the equatorial Pacific Ocean during May 2009.
However, sea surface temperatures (SST) increased for the fifth consecutive month, with above-average
temperatures extending across the equatorial Pacific Ocean by the end of May (Fig. 1). Accordingly, the
latest weekly SST indices ranged between +0.4° to +0.5°C in all four Niño regions (Fig. 2). Subsurface
oceanic heat content anomalies (average temperatures in the upper 300m of the ocean, Fig. 3) also
continued to increase in response to a large area of above-average temperatures (+2° to +4°C) near
thermocline depth (Fig. 4). These surface and subsurface oceanic anomalies typically precede the
development of El Niño.
From early 2007 through April 2009, enhanced low-level easterly winds persisted near the Date
Line, interrupted only briefly by Madden- Julian Oscillation (MJO) activity. However, during May 2009,
both the lower-level equatorial winds were near-average in that region despite the absence of the MJO.
Also, suppressed convection expanded westward along the equator from the Date Line to Indonesia. The
recent oceanic and atmospheric anomalies are consistent with ENSO-neutral conditions, but also reflect
the evolution towards a potential El Niño.
There continues to be considerable spread in the model forecasts for the Niño-3.4 region (Fig. 5).
All statistical models predict ENSO-neutral conditions will continue for the remainder of 2009. However,
most dynamical models, including the NCEP Climate Forecast System, predict the onset of El Niño
during June − August 2009. Current observations, recent trends, and the dynamical model forecasts
indicate that conditions are favorable for a transition from ENSO-neutral to El Niño conditions during
June − August 2009.
This discussion is a consolidated effort of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA), NOAA’s National Weather Service, and their funded institutions. Oceanic and atmospheric
conditions are updated weekly on the Climate Prediction Center web site (El Niño/La Niña Current
Conditions and Expert Discussions). Forecasts for the evolution of El Niño/La Niña are updated
monthly in the Forecast Forum section of CPC's Climate Diagnostics Bulletin. The next ENSO
Diagnostics Discussion is scheduled for 9 July 2009.
发表于 2009-6-6 15:59 | 显示全部楼层
据路透社新加坡消息 美国气候预测中心表示,厄尔尼诺现象可能将在近几周内发展。

  厄尔尼诺现象是由于东太平洋海水异常增温引起的,目前的条件有利于在今年6月至8月间发生尔尼诺现象。

  美国国家海洋和大气局气候预测中心表示,热带太平洋的海水温度已经连续5个月上升,同时表层以下的海水温度也在上升。表层及以下海水温度异常是厄尔尼诺发展的典型前兆。

  澳大利亚气象局周三(6月3日)也表示,如果近期太平洋气候仍按目前的形势发展,则今年7月暴发厄尔尼诺的几率是50%。

  发生厄尔尼诺现象时,温暖、潮湿的空气向东移动,而西太平洋地区则空气干燥,澳大利亚就有发生干旱的可能。

  截至目前,最严重厄尔尼诺现象发生于1997—1998年间,受其影响澳大利亚和印度尼西亚干旱肆虐,秘鲁以及厄瓜多尔洪灾频发。厄尔尼诺也可给美国部分地区带来更多降雨,并可影响印度季风。

  美国气候预测中心表示:“当前观测数据、近期趋势以及动力模式预报都表明情况有利于厄尔尼诺在今年6月—8月间发生。”
发表于 2009-6-6 16:03 | 显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 lj623 于 2009-6-6 16:10 编辑

5月份赤道太平洋维持比较正常的状态,但是过去5个月SST距平持续升高,水温高于平均值的海域扩展到整个赤道太平洋,在4个监测区,最近一星期的水温距平是+0.4到+0.5度,次表层(300米)距平也持续升高,大范围的+2到+4度,这预示了厄尔尼诺正在发展
    2007年初到2009年四月,低层东风一直维持在基准线之上一点,除了几次被MJO活动打断,而5月份在MJO并未出现的情况下也在基准线附近,东风区域西移,现在状态是正常的,但是反应了向厄尔尼诺的演变趋势。
    所有统计模型预测赤道太平洋继续维持正常,而多数动力模型预测了厄尔尼诺的到来(6月-8月),最近的观察和动力模型都表明,厄尔尼诺很可能在未来几个星期到来。

    上面是概括性的翻译。
发表于 2009-6-7 17:05 | 显示全部楼层
大家好!

最近对厄尔尼诺、拉尼娜现象的问题兴趣浓厚,不过自己是学医出身,在网上支离破碎地看了些东西,但还是了解有限。看到这里有这么专业的论坛,上来凑个热闹,还望各位不吝赐教。

一是想详细了解一下,最近的一次厄尔尼诺发生在什么时候,强度和持续时间如何?造成2008年年初的南方雪灾的拉尼娜又是始于什么时候?如果是严重的拉尼娜,结束之后是直接转入厄尔尼诺的概率大些,还是转入ENSO-neutral状态的概率更大?

二是看上面大家的讨论,似乎是发生新一次厄尔尼诺的可能性已经很大,那么要到什么时候、在什么情况下可以确认已经发生了新的厄尔尼诺呢?在网上还看到有关地球自转加速减速与厄尔尼诺、拉尼娜现象的关系的讨论,如果从这个角度出发看问题,会有什么样的结论?近期会有大的厄尔尼诺发生吗?

三是我有个作为外行的小问题:在资料中看到“距平”这个概念,这里作为参照的平均值是多长时间的平均呢,是大家默认的还是有规定了的?

全是外行问题,让大家笑话了,希望能得到各位解答,先谢过了!
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